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Da: Wikipedia.
http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhismo_Nichiren

Nichiren Buddhism is the set of Japanese Mahayana Buddhist schools that refer to the figure and the teachings of the Nichiren Buddhist Monaco, who lived in Japan in the thirteenth century.

These schools are directly from the figure of Nichiren, a thirteenth century Japanese monaco sorted by platform Tendai monastic school. Their monastic lineage is traced back directly to the Buddha Sakyamuni and the bodhisattvas Bhaisajyaraja (giapp. Yaku) and traces the lineage of the Chinese Tiantai school coming to the founder of the school Japanese Tendai, SAIC, and finally Nichiren considered itself the manifestation of the bodhisattva Viśiṣṭacāritra (giapp. Jogyo).
After a difficult start, the Nichiren school was finally granted by the Government in 1334, however, a second risk annihilation in the sixteenth century. The open hostility by the other Buddhist schools against schools of Nichiren Buddhism was determined by the fact that they claimed to embody the unique, authentic teaching of the Buddha Sakyamuni, whereas other schools in the same way as when the provisional teachings are not distorted. Certainly every school of Buddhism of each period, the country has always been regarded as the bearer the deeper or more authentic Buddhist teaching, the novelty in this sense of Nichiren Buddhism consisted in explicit and openly spread this belief in the practice of proselytism among the laity and the monks. All this led
other monastic communities, particularly that of the monastery dell'Enryaku-ji on Mount Hiei, now and in the West trasformatesi in monastic orders of chivalry (Sohei), to war against the monks openly Nichiren. The tensions came often to cause the massacre of the monks and the burning of their rivals monasteries. The secular authorities supported now this faction or the other according to their beliefs.
The vitality of the schools del Buddhismo Nichiren è comunque dimostrata dal fatto che seppur essendo state oggetto di dure persecuzioni religiose esse sono sempre riuscite a rinascere e a diffondersi, e rappresentano oggi il ramo di insegnamento buddhista più diffuso in Giappone con oltre 35 milioni di seguaci e circa 7.000 mila tra templi e monasteri.




Indice

1 La nascita delle Scuole
2 Dottrine
3 Le denominazioni
4 Festività




1. La nascita delle Scuole

Prima di morire Nichiren affidò in six of his disciples the task of organizing the dissemination of his teaching and that of caring for the Kuon-ji monastery he founded on Mount Minobu in the province of Kai. The political turmoil and military of Japan at the end of the thirteenth century did not allow the constant presence in the monastery and contemporary Kuon by the six disciples, Nikko (1246-1333), Niko (1253-1314), Nichiro (1245-1320), Nissho (1221-1323), Nichiji (1250 -?) Nitcho (1252-1317). Nikko Thus, we can guarantee a constant presence in the monastery of Kuon-ji he held, since 1285, the Abbot. Reached by Niko, had a serious battle with these doctrinal on the conduct of a major devotee of the secular school, Hakiri Sanenaga (1222-97) lord of the southern part of the province of Kai where he established the monastery Kuon-ji. Sanenaga had in fact paid tribute to the Shinto violation, according to Nikko but not with Niko, the teachings of Nichiren teacher. Lost control of the monastery in 1289 Kuon-ji, Nikko moved to another monastery, the Taiseki-ji, located on the slopes of Mount Fuji bringing the Dai Gohonzon, a wooden panel on which, in 1279, Nichiren inscribed a mandala representing the universe and life within it. This separation doctrinal concern the two main branches of Nichiren school: the Nichiren-shu, which refers to Niko and the Nichiren Shoshu, which instead refers to Nikko. Keep in mind that the controversy in question non è di poco conto. Il ruolo assegnato alla figura di Nichiren dalla Nichiren-shoshu è quello di Buddha dell'ultimo giorno della Legge e quindi di fatto viene venerato al posto del Buddha Shakyamuni, l'atteggiamento nei confronti delle altre fedi religiose e delle altre confessioni buddhiste è di gran lunga più rigido rispetto alla Nichiren-shu che continua invece nella venerazione del Buddha Shakyamuni ed è decisamente più tollerante ed aperto nei confronti delle altre scuole buddhiste. Ed è proprio il rapporto con le altre scuole buddhiste e il ruolo da assegnare al proprio fondatore Nichiren la linea di discrimine di tutte le successive separazioni scolastiche all'interno del Buddhismo Nichiren. Il tema centrale riguarda il XVI capitolo del Sutra Lotus where it is explained that the Buddha Shakyamuni never died as the manifestation of the eternal Buddha, an event that resides in every sentient being, however, that in itself possesses the Buddha nature. In light of this teaching and its prevalence on the remaining chapters of the Lotus Sutra, some schools decided to worship the same Nichiren interpreted as a manifestation of the eternal Buddha. So Nichiju a former Tendai Monaco in 1378 converted to the teachings of the Nichiren-shu, decided in 1385 to separate from this school founded in Kyoto called the sottoscuola Myomanji-ha. Decision as it considered the Nichiren-shu too conciliatory with the other Buddhist schools. Over the years followed the differentiation between those who favored the study of the entire Lotus Sutra, including the first fourteen chapters called Sakumon, and those who prefer only the teachings of the next fourteen chapters called Honmon. The reason for this predilection of course the need to hide the practice centered on the figure of Buddha Shakyamuni or Nichiren Sakumon being the direct expression of the first chapters and chapters of Honmon dealing manifestation of the eternal Buddha (Dharmakaya sans., Japanese. Hosshin) that could recall the figure of the founder. Among those who preferred to focus (and reverence) to the eternal Buddha were: Nichiryu (1385-1464) who founded the school Happon-ha, Nichijin (1339-1419) who founded la scuola Honjoji-ha e Nisshin (1444-1528) fondatore della Nisshin-monryu. Queste scuole unitamente alla Myomanji-ha fondata da Nichiju e alla Komon-ha (nome originario della Nichiren-shoshu) fondata da Nikko, fanno parte della Shoretsu-ha che è la contrazione della frase giapponese Honsho sakuretsu (i primi 14 capitoli inferiori, i secondi 14 capitoli superiori) riferita al Sutra del Loto.

2. Dottrine
Gli insegnamenti delle scuole del Buddhismo Nichiren si rifanno sostanzialmente, pur con numerose e drastiche differenze dottrinali, alla dottrina esposta da Nichiren durante le sue predicazioni e riportata nei suoi scritti. Dopo la morte del Maestro tuttavia i suoi sei discepoli diretti iniziarono a differenziare their teachings and this led to the birth of different schools of Nichiren Buddhism have in common the practice of daimoku as the only practical for the age of maps and the veneration of the Lotus Sutra (as of Kumarajiva) considered, as in the Tendai school The complete teaching given by Buddha Shakyamuni. Also as in the Tendai, special attention is paid to two chapters in this sutra: the second (Hoben: skillful means or expedient) and sixteenth (Jury-hon: Lifespan of the Buddha). In particular, the second chapter of the means by which to obtain the state of Buddhahood (giapp. bussho) and the sixteenth chapter of the lifespan of the Buddha who is enlightened in the infinite past, so in itself is always lit.

3. The names
School There are 46 names that follow the teachings of Nichiren follows a list, by the way the monastery (or headquarters) Reference:

Nichirenshu (Minobusan Kuon-ji)
Nichirenshu (Hokkekyo- ji)
Nichirenhonshu (Yobo-ji)
Hokkeshinshu (Sohonin)
Hokkenichirenshu (Horyu-ji)
Nipponzanmyohoji (Nipponzan myoho-ji)
Shobohokkeshu (Daikyo-ji)
Nichiren Shoshu (Taiseki-ji)

.

4. Festività

Le festività principali delle scuole del Buddhismo Nichiren sono:

16 febbraio: nascita di Nichiren;
16 marzo: giornata di kosen rufu;
28 aprile: Proclamazione di Nam Myo Ho Renghe Kyo
12 maggio, 27 agosto, 12 settembre e 11 novembre: giornate di ricordo delle persecuzioni;
12 ottobre: iscrizione del Dai Gohonzon
13 ottobre: anniversario della morte di Nichiren.